ar.vi identifies people designated as Arabian, including groups in royal and military settings and Geshem by name.

The term is used as a gentilic designation for Arabian people: plural forms name groups bringing tribute, joining raids, or appearing in conflict, while singular forms identify Geshem as an Arabian.

1. Arabian people as a gentilic designation · dominant

   The masculine plural form identifies groups in accounts of tribute and conflict: in 2 Chronicles 17:11 the APB renders a group bringing rams and male goats to Jehoshaphat, and in 2 Chronicles 21:16 it renders them alongside the Philistines against Jehoram. The same plural designation occurs for those associated with a raiding party in 2 Chronicles 22:1 and for opponents living in Gur-baal in 2 Chronicles 26:7; the masculine singular form identifies Geshem in Nehemiah 2:19 and Nehemiah 6:1.

   2 Chronicles 17:112 Chronicles 21:162 Chronicles 22:12 Chronicles 26:7Nehemiah 2:19Nehemiah 6:1

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB usually presents the plural forms as “the Arabians” and the singular forms for Geshem as “the Arabian.” In Nehemiah 4:1, although the supplied original form is plural, the APB verse does not visibly represent the designation.