im.mad marks a relation to the speaker, including presence, association, and actions directed toward that person.

As a preposition, it marks a person or thing as being in relation to the speaker: present alongside, associated with the speaker, or involved in an action directed toward that speaker. The same role appears in statements of divine presence, shared dwelling, requests and disputes, and things said to be held or found in relation to the speaker.

1. Preposition marking relation to the speaker · dominant

   The supplied morphology identifies the form as a preposition. In Psalm 23:4 the APB renders the clause "you are with me"; in 1 Samuel 22:23, "Stay with me" places a person alongside the speaker; and in Exodus 17:2, "Why do you quarrel with me?" shows the same speaker-oriented relation within a dispute. In Deuteronomy 32:34 the APB renders what is "stored up with me," while Genesis 31:32 speaks of identifying what is "with me," extending the relation to what is held in connection with the speaker.

   Psalm 23:41 Samuel 22:23Exodus 17:2Deuteronomy 32:34Genesis 31:32Genesis 28:20

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB commonly expresses the relation with phrases such as "with me," but also uses speaker-directed wording such as "to me" or "against me" where the clause calls for it. These English forms show the verse-level relation rather than a fixed English equivalent.