to honor: honour
ka.vad denotes giving or receiving honor, and also becoming heavy, burdensome, or hard in the situations described.
The attested usage most often concerns honoring someone or being held in honor, whether parents, the LORD, rulers, or persons of recognized standing. Other clauses use the term for what is heavy or made burdensome—work, a yoke, sin, hair, or a divine hand—and for hearts described as hardened.
Senses in use
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Giving or receiving honor · dominant
Piel forms call for honor toward parents in Exodus 20:12 and describe honoring the LORD with lips, sacrifices, or public acknowledgment in Isaiah 29:13 and Isaiah 43:23. Niphal forms describe people or the LORD as honored: in 1 Chronicles 11:21 the APB renders a warrior as “honored,” while Exodus 14:18 renders the LORD as gaining honor through Pharaoh and his forces.
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Being heavy or made burdensome · common
Qal forms describe weight or severity in concrete and figurative clauses: work is made hard in Exodus 5:9, Sodom's sin is “very heavy” in Genesis 18:20, and Absalom's hair grows heavy in 2 Samuel 14:26. Hiphil forms make a yoke heavier in 1 Kings 12:14 and describe placing a heavy yoke on the aged in Isaiah 47:6.
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A heart made hard · occasional
In Exodus 10:1, a Hiphil perfect occurs in the statement that Pharaoh's heart and his servants' hearts have been hardened. Exodus 9:7 similarly places the form in the report that Pharaoh's heart was hardened and he did not send the people away; 1 Samuel 6:6 addresses hardening hearts in a comparison with Egypt and Pharaoh.
In the Anselm Project Bible: Across the honor clauses, the APB commonly uses “honor,” “honored,” or “glorify”; in the weight-related clauses it uses “heavy,” “hard,” “heavier,” and “hardened.” Because the APB is a whole-verse translation, these renderings identify the clauses' presentation rather than a fixed English equivalent for every form.