to plow/plot
cha.rash describes plowing land and, in other clauses, devising harm or being engraved.
The predominant use concerns working ground with animals or a plow, whether in ordinary farming, prohibitions, or images of a city made like a field. Other clauses use it for devising harmful or beneficial plans, while one passive form occurs where Judah’s sin is described as written and engraved.
Senses in use
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Working or turning cultivated ground · dominant
In 1 Samuel 8:12 the Qal infinitive construct occurs in the king’s assignment of people to work his ground and reap his harvest. The APB renders fieldwork in 1 Kings 19:19 and Job 1:14 as "plowing," while Deuteronomy 22:10 prohibits doing it with an ox and donkey together. In Jeremiah 26:18, the Niphal imperfect describes Zion becoming like a field under judgment.
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Devising a course of action · common
In 1 Samuel 23:9, the Hiphil active participle appears in the clause where Saul is acting against David; the APB renders the action as "plotting the harm." Qal participles and finite forms in Proverbs 3:29, Proverbs 6:14, Proverbs 12:20, and Proverbs 14:22 occur with harm, evil, peace, good, and the heart’s intentions.
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Marked by engraving · rare
In Jeremiah 17:1, the Qal passive participle describes Judah’s sin in a clause where it is written with an iron stylus and engraved on the heart’s tablet and altar horns. The clause supports a marked or engraved result rather than field cultivation.
In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB commonly presents the agricultural clauses with "plow," "plowing," or "plowed," and presents the planning clauses with "plot" or "plotting." In Jeremiah 17:1 it renders the surrounding passive clause as "engraved"; these are translation renderings of whole verses rather than word-level alignments.