cha.raph describes verbal taunting or reproach directed at people, Israel, or Israel's God.

The verb denotes hostile verbal taunting or reproach. Its targets include Israel and its ranks, the living God, the poor person's maker, and particular individuals; participial forms also identify a person as a taunter.

1. Hostile verbal taunting or reproach · dominant

   Piel forms depict an act of verbal attack: in 1 Samuel 17:10 the speaker says he has acted against Israel's ranks, and in 1 Samuel 17:45 David addresses the Philistine concerning the God of Israel's ranks. The same action is directed against the living God in 2 Kings 19:16 and against the LORD in 2 Kings 19:23; in Zephaniah 2:8 it is associated with speaking against the LORD's people and magnifying oneself against their border. Qal active participles identify the opposing person in Psalm 119:42 and Proverbs 27:11.

   1 Samuel 17:101 Samuel 17:452 Kings 19:162 Kings 19:23Zephaniah 2:8Psalm 119:42

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB commonly renders the action as “taunted,” including attacks on Israel and the living God. Elsewhere the verse-level translation uses related wording such as “reproach,” “mocked,” and “reviled”; These are contextual renderings rather than separate lexical senses.