chal.la.mish denotes a hard rock, pictured as a source of oil or water, something worked against, and a figure for firmness.

The occurrences chiefly depict a hard rock in physical settings: it yields oil or water, is struck or overturned, and is contrasted with water. Isaiah 50:7 uses the same noun in the comparison of a face set with firmness.

1. Hard rock in physical scenes · dominant

   In Deuteronomy 32:13 the construct form occurs in the clause about oil from a rocky mass, while Deuteronomy 8:15 and Psalm 114:8 place the absolute form in clauses about water coming from it. Job 28:9 likewise uses the absolute form where a hand is sent against it and mountains are overturned.

   Deuteronomy 32:13Deuteronomy 8:15Job 28:9Psalm 114:8
2. Image of unyielding firmness · rare

   In Isaiah 50:7 the absolute form stands in the comparison, “I have set my face like flint,” following the declaration that the speaker will not be humiliated.

   Isaiah 50:7

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB presents the noun as “flinty rock,” “rock of flint,” or “flint” in the physical scenes, and as “flint” in the comparison of Isaiah 50:7. These renderings reflect whole-verse translations rather than word-by-word alignment.