din denotes judging in decisions concerning people, the needy, and nations, including the administration of justice.

The attested use centers on judging in decisions affecting peoples, individuals, and causes: the verb is used of judging peoples and nations, judging one’s own people, and judging the cause of afflicted or needy persons. Some clauses have less isolable wording in the translation, but the supplied contexts consistently place the form in judicial or evaluative statements.

1. Judicial decision and administration of justice · dominant

   The Qal forms occur where a ruler or God judges peoples, nations, or specific causes. In Jeremiah 22:16 the APB renders that he “judged the cause of the afflicted and the needy”; in Proverbs 31:9 it commands judgment for “the afflicted and the needy,” while Psalm 96:10 presents the judging of peoples “with equity.”

   Jeremiah 22:16Proverbs 31:9Psalm 96:10Genesis 15:14Genesis 49:16Jeremiah 21:12

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB commonly presents the relevant clauses with “judge,” “judged,” or “judgment,” especially where peoples or a person’s cause are in view. In some verses, such as Genesis 6:3 and Ecclesiastes 6:10, the translation’s wording does not isolate this term’s specific English contribution.