ba.dad denotes being apart, whether a people lives separately or a person or city is left alone.

The attested uses describe separation from others: most often a people or nation dwelling apart, sometimes with safety or without inclusion among other nations; the remaining verses portray a city, place, or individual as alone, forsaken, or silent.

1. Dwelling separately as a people or nation · dominant

   In Numbers 23:9, the noun form occurs in the clause about a people dwelling apart and not being reckoned among the nations. Deuteronomy 32:12 and Deuteronomy 33:28 place it in statements of being alone in divine guidance and secure dwelling, while Jeremiah 49:31 and Micah 7:14 describe a nation or flock dwelling apart.

   Numbers 23:9Deuteronomy 32:12Deuteronomy 33:28Jeremiah 49:31Micah 7:14
2. Being left alone or forsaken · common

   Isaiah 27:10 applies the noun to a fortified city described as a forsaken pasture, and Lamentations 1:1 to a once-populous city sitting alone. Jeremiah 15:17 describes an individual sitting apart from revelers, and Lamentations 3:28 joins sitting alone with silence under what has been laid upon him.

   Isaiah 27:10Lamentations 1:1Jeremiah 15:17Lamentations 3:28

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB variously presents the clauses with “alone,” “in isolation,” and “dwelling alone.” These expressions show the verses' overall portrayal of separateness rather than fixed English equivalents for each occurrence.