hostis, hetis introduces people, things, or groups identified by a following clause, and can frame an open-ended “whoever.”

Its dominant use links an identified person, group, thing, or place to a clause that further describes it; it also occurs in open-ended statements about whoever meets a stated condition. The supplied forms are predominantly nominative singular or plural, with a genitive singular form appearing where the clause concerns a person.

1. Identifying an antecedent by a following clause · dominant

   The nominative forms connect an antecedent with a statement that characterizes it or reports its action. In Acts 10:47 the APB renders people “who have received the Holy Spirit,” while in 2 Timothy 1:5 it describes the faith that first dwelt in Lois and Eunice; Acts 16:12 similarly identifies Philippi by its status in the district.

   Acts 10:472 Timothy 1:5Acts 16:121 Timothy 1:42 Peter 2:1Colossians 3:5
2. Open-ended person under a stated condition · occasional

   The nominative singular masculine form introduces an unspecified individual whose action or condition is then stated. In Matthew 10:32 and Matthew 10:33 the APB renders parallel clauses about the person who confesses or denies; James 2:10 applies the consequence to the person who keeps the whole law yet stumbles at one point.

   Matthew 10:32Matthew 10:33James 2:10Luke 14:27Galatians 5:10

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB variously presents these clauses with “who,” “which,” “those who,” and “whoever,” as in the supplied verses. These English expressions show the clauses' presentation rather than a fixed rendering in every occurrence.