sha.khar describes becoming drunk or causing someone or something to become drunk, in literal and vivid figurative scenes.

The dominant use describes a person or group becoming drunk, whether after drinking or in imagery that denies wine as the cause. A substantial causative use describes making others—or, in poetic imagery, arrows—drunk, sometimes in scenes of judgment and resulting exposure, collapse, or sleep.

1. Become drunk or intoxicated · dominant

   In Genesis 9:21, the Qal sequential imperfect occurs after drinking wine, and the APB renders the clause “became drunk” before the man uncovers himself in his tent. The same outcome is commanded or foretold in Song of Songs 5:1 and Lamentations 4:21; Isaiah 29:9 and Isaiah 51:21 explicitly set the condition alongside the statement that it is not with wine.

   Genesis 9:21Song of Songs 5:11 Samuel 1:14Isaiah 29:9Isaiah 51:21Lamentations 4:21
2. Cause another to become drunk · common

   In 2 Samuel 11:13, the Piel sequential imperfect follows David's arranging food and drink for Uriah, and the APB renders the result “he made him drunk.” Hiphil imperatives and first-person forms in Jeremiah 48:26, Jeremiah 51:39, and Jeremiah 51:57 portray an agent making Moab or Babylon's officials drunk; Deuteronomy 32:42 applies the same causative pattern to arrows filled with blood.

   2 Samuel 11:13Jeremiah 48:26Jeremiah 51:39Jeremiah 51:57Deuteronomy 32:42Habakkuk 2:15

In the Anselm Project Bible: Across the cited verses, the APB commonly uses “drunk,” “become drunk,” or “make them drunk,” while also using “intoxicated” in Song of Songs 5:1. Because the APB is a whole-verse translation, these renderings confirm the clauses' overall presentation rather than assign a fixed English equivalent to every form.