sha.chach describes being brought down or bowed low, whether in humiliation, submission, bodily posture, or inward distress.

The occurrences most often depict people, pride, cities, or other things being brought down from a height or condition of exaltation. They also show bodily bowing or crouching before another, while the Hithpolel forms in Psalms portray a soul cast down within the speaker.

1. Being brought low or humbled · dominant

   In Isaiah 2:11 the Qal perfect occurs in the clause where human height is bowed down while the LORD alone is exalted; Isaiah 2:17 repeats that contrast. The Niphal forms in Isaiah 2:9 and Isaiah 5:15 occur where man and proud eyes are brought low, and the Hiphil forms in Isaiah 25:12 and Isaiah 26:5 occur in clauses about bringing a fortified refuge or exalted town down to the ground and dust.

   Isaiah 2:11Isaiah 2:17Isaiah 2:9Isaiah 5:15Isaiah 25:12Isaiah 26:5
2. Bowing or crouching in posture · common

   The Qal perfect in Habakkuk 3:6 is used of everlasting hills as the APB renders that they “bowed.” In Job 9:13 helpers beneath God bow down, Proverbs 14:19 places the harmful bowing before the pleasant, and Isaiah 60:14 uses a Qal infinitive construct for those coming bowing and bowing at the feet of Zion.

   Habakkuk 3:6Job 9:13Proverbs 14:19Isaiah 60:14Job 38:40Psalm 35:14
3. A soul cast down within · occasional

   The Hithpolel imperfect forms in Psalm 42:6 and Psalm 43:5 address the speaker's soul in the setting of being cast down and in turmoil, followed by an appeal to hope in God. Psalm 42:7 continues amid overwhelming waters, which the APB renders as breakers and waves going over the speaker.

   Psalm 42:6Psalm 42:7Psalm 43:5

In the Anselm Project Bible: Across these verses, the APB uses expressions such as “brought low,” “bowed down,” “bowing,” “crouch,” and “cast down.” These renderings reflect the surrounding clauses.