sha.gag describes unintentional wrongdoing in priestly atonement contexts and straying in personal or deceptive settings.

The evidence divides evenly between unintentional wrongdoing requiring atonement and forms of straying in personal conduct or in the pairing of deceived and deceiver.

1. Unintentional wrongdoing needing atonement · common

   In Leviticus 5:18, the Qal perfect occurs in the clause about a wrong committed "without knowing it," for which the priest makes atonement. In Numbers 15:28, the feminine singular noun form occurs in the description of a person who sinned unintentionally and is to receive atonement.

   Leviticus 5:18Numbers 15:28
2. Straying in conduct or deception · common

   In Psalm 119:67, the Qal active participle occurs where the speaker contrasts prior straying with later keeping God's word; the APB renders the clause "I went astray." In Job 12:16, the same participial morphology appears in the pair that the APB renders "the deceived and the deceiver," though the translation does not isolate the term's precise contribution.

   Job 12:16Psalm 119:67

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB presents the legal-context occurrences with "unintentional" language and "going astray," while Psalm 119:67 has "I went astray." Job 12:16 uses "the deceived and the deceiver,".