ra.pah denotes the dead portrayed as inhabitants of the realm of death, able to be roused, tremble, or receive the living.

The attested plural noun refers to the dead in scenes of Sheol, death, dust, and the depths: they are roused to meet a newcomer, said not to rise, and portrayed as present where a wayward person comes to rest.

1. The dead in the realm of death · dominant

   Across the supplied verses, the plural absolute form identifies a group associated with death and its depths. In Isaiah 14:9 the APB renders those whom Sheol rouses to meet an arrival as “the shades”; in Isaiah 26:14 it renders them as those who “do not rise,” while Isaiah 26:19 places them in the land's casting out. Job 26:5 depicts them trembling beneath the waters, and Proverbs 21:16 and Proverbs 9:18 place them in an assembly or depths reached through a ruinous path.

   Isaiah 14:9Isaiah 26:14Isaiah 26:19Job 26:5Proverbs 21:16Proverbs 9:18

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB usually presents the term as “shades,” including scenes beneath the waters and in the depths of Sheol. In Psalm 88:11, the translation instead speaks of “the grave” and “Abaddon,” so it does not isolate an English rendering for the term.