qa.sam denotes performing divinatory activity, also appearing in forms that identify those who practice it.

The attested forms describe divinatory activity and, especially in participial forms, people identified by that activity. The verses place it in requests made through a medium, among practices prohibited to Israel, and in accusations that practitioners announce lies or deception.

1. Divinatory practice and its practitioners · dominant

   The Qal imperative in 1 Samuel 28:8 is a request addressed to a woman to act through a medium; the APB renders the request, “Divine for me by the medium.” Participial forms identify practitioners in lists and accusations: Deuteronomy 18:14 places them among the nations' soothsayers, while Ezekiel 22:28 describes prophets announcing lies and Zechariah 10:2 describes diviners seeing deception. The imperfect in Micah 3:11 presents prophets doing this for silver.

   1 Samuel 28:8Deuteronomy 18:14Ezekiel 22:28Micah 3:11Zechariah 10:2Jeremiah 27:9

In the Anselm Project Bible: Across these verses, the APB uses “divine,” “divination,” and “diviners,” and also places practitioners beside “soothsayers.” Because the APB is a whole-verse translation, those renderings show the clauses' presentation rather than a separate meaning for each English term.