to transgress
pa.sah describes acting against the LORD or his instruction, and also rebelling against a ruling house or king.
The verb most often marks conduct directed against the LORD: violating covenant or instruction, refusing his voice, or being identified among those who have acted against him. In a distinct political setting, it describes peoples or cities breaking from the rule of Judah, Israel, or David’s house.
Senses in use
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Acting against the LORD and his instruction · dominant
The Qal forms describe people acting against the LORD: Hosea 8:1 places the action alongside passing over his covenant and instruction, while Jeremiah 3:13 joins it to scattered ways and failure to obey his voice. Active participles can identify such people as a group, as in Isaiah 1:28 and Isaiah 66:24; in Isaiah 66:24 the APB renders the clause “the men who have transgressed against me.”
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Breaking away from political rule · common
In accounts involving kingdoms and cities, Qal perfect and sequential imperfect forms describe a break from a ruler’s authority. In 2 Kings 8:20 the APB renders Edom’s action as “transgressed from under the hand of Judah,” and 1 Kings 12:19 describes Israel as being “in rebellion against the house of David.”
In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB variously presents the clauses with “transgressed,” “rebelled,” and “in rebellion.” In the supplied verses these renderings track either action against the LORD and his instruction or a political break from a ruler.