pa.chad describes being gripped by fear, whether facing danger or standing before God’s action.

The verb most often marks fear in the face of danger, threat, or an unsettling prospect. It also occurs where people dread before the LORD, his word, or what he does, including responses to his goodness and prosperity.

1. Fear in the face of danger or threat · dominant

   In Deuteronomy 28:66 the second-person Qal form occurs as life hangs in uncertainty and the APB renders the clause "you shall dread night and day." In Job 3:25, the first-person perfect is used of the feared event that has come upon the speaker; Isaiah 51:13 similarly places the second-person Piel form with continual dread because of an oppressor's fury.

   Deuteronomy 28:66Job 3:25Isaiah 51:13Jeremiah 36:16Proverbs 3:24Psalm 27:1
2. Dread before God or his action · occasional

   In Hosea 3:5, the plural Qal form follows Israel's return and seeking of the LORD and David their king; the APB renders that they "shall come in dread to the LORD and to his goodness." Isaiah 19:16 and Micah 7:17 place Qal forms before the LORD's displayed action, while Jeremiah 33:9 links the nations' fear and trembling with the prosperity and peace he provides.

   Hosea 3:5Isaiah 19:16Micah 7:17Jeremiah 33:9Psalm 119:161Psalm 14:5

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB commonly presents the verb with "dread," "fear," or "afraid," and sometimes pairs it with trembling. Its wording is best read as confirming each verse's fearful setting rather than fixing a separate rendering for every form.