sa.ar denotes a violent storm, appearing in scenes of sea danger, battle, and wrath against the wicked.

The attested use denotes a violent storm: it is associated with a sea-threatening wind in Jonah, with battle and whirlwind in Amos, and with wrath, disaster, and action against the wicked in Jeremiah. The supplied renderings for the Psalm occurrences do not clearly isolate the term's contribution.

1. Violent storm in peril and judgment scenes · dominant

   The absolute noun occurs in storm scenes involving danger or destructive action. In Amos 1:14 the APB renders a day of battle and a day of whirlwind; in Jeremiah 23:19 and Jeremiah 30:23 it renders a whirling storm upon the head of the wicked, while Jeremiah 25:32 places a great storm alongside disaster spreading among nations. In Jonah 1:4 the APB renders a great storm on the sea threatening the ship, and in Jonah 1:12 it describes the great storm resting upon the sailors.

   Amos 1:14Jeremiah 23:19Jeremiah 25:32Jeremiah 30:23Jonah 1:12Jonah 1:4

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB commonly presents the storm scenes with “tempest,” including Amos 1:14, Jeremiah 23:19, Jeremiah 25:32, Jeremiah 30:23, Jonah 1:12, and Jonah 1:4. Its Psalm renderings do not visibly isolate this term.