to kiss
na.shaq denotes kissing between people, with further uses for kisses directed toward figures or images and for contact imagery.
The attested use is chiefly a kiss exchanged or given between people in meetings, family scenes, farewells, grief, and desire. A smaller group directs the action toward Baal, calves, or the son, while several clauses use it in contact imagery involving a hand and mouth, wings, or paired abstractions.
Senses in use
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Kissing in personal encounters · dominant
The Qal and Piel forms occur when people meet, part, mourn, or express desire: in Exodus 4:27 the APB renders Aaron's meeting with Moses as one in which he "kissed him," and in Genesis 33:4 it renders Esau's embrace and falling on Jacob's neck before "kissed him." In 1 Samuel 20:41 the plural sequential imperfect accompanies David and Jonathan's mutual kissing and weeping; Ruth 1:14 places the action in Orpah's farewell, while Song of Songs 1:2 voices a wish for kisses of the mouth.
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Kissing directed toward a figure or image · occasional
In 1 Kings 19:18, mouths that have not kissed Baal are set beside knees that have not bowed. Hosea 13:2 reports the instruction, "Let them kiss calves," and Psalm 2:12 uses a Piel imperative in the command, "Kiss the son," within a warning about anger and perishing.
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Contact imagery beyond a personal exchange · occasional
Job 31:27 places the action between a hand and a mouth after the heart is secretly enticed. Ezekiel 3:13 uses a Hiphil active participle in the sound of wings "brushing against one another," while Psalm 85:11 places a Qal perfect in a clause pairing truth and righteousness; the APB does not isolate a corresponding English word there.
In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB commonly presents the relevant personal and directed clauses with forms of "kiss," including "kissed each other," "kiss calves," and "Kiss the son." Its whole-verse translation also gives "brushing against one another" in Ezekiel 3:13 and does not visibly isolate the term in Psalm 85:11, so its English wording cannot alone define every occurrence.