na.tsach denotes directing musical material, overseeing assigned work, and, in one passive use, something continuing persistently.

The prevailing attested use marks a director in psalm headings and musical settings; the same verb also occurs for oversight of work and leading instrumental performance. A single passive participle describes Jerusalem's faithlessness as continuing.

1. Direction in psalm and musical settings · dominant

   The masculine singular active participle occurs in psalm openings, where the APB explicitly renders the heading “To the conductor” in Psalm 109:1 and Psalm 51:1. In Habakkuk 3:19, the same participial form stands with “my stringed instruments,” and in 1 Chronicles 15:21 the infinitive construct accompanies lyres “to lead.”

   Psalm 109:1Psalm 51:1Psalm 54:1Habakkuk 3:191 Chronicles 15:21
2. Overseeing assigned work · occasional

   Piel infinitive constructs occur where people are placed over labor: 1 Chronicles 23:4 speaks of supervision of the house of the LORD's work, 2 Chronicles 34:12 of faithful workers under oversight “to direct,” and Ezra 3:8 of Levites appointed to conduct work on the house of the LORD. The plural active participles in 2 Chronicles 2:1 and 2 Chronicles 2:17 occur in the account of Solomon's building preparations, though the APB does not isolate their contribution.

   1 Chronicles 23:42 Chronicles 34:12Ezra 3:82 Chronicles 2:12 Chronicles 2:17
3. Continuing faithlessness · rare

   Jeremiah 8:5 uses a Niphal passive participle in the question about Jerusalem's turning away; the APB renders the clause “in perpetual faithlessness.” The verse supports a continuing condition, although the translation does not word-align the individual term.

   Jeremiah 8:5

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB often presents the participial psalm heading as “To the conductor,” and it renders related work clauses with “supervise,” “to direct,” and “to conduct.” In Jeremiah 8:5 it gives “perpetual faithlessness”; these are renderings of whole clauses.