me.hu.mah denotes a disruptive upheaval, whether among a city, a people, or opponents thrown into disorder.

The occurrences consistently depict disruptive public disorder: conflict turns people against one another, cities experience distress, and inhabitants face unsettled conditions. The same noun can describe upheaval brought upon opponents as well as widespread disturbance within a city or land.

1. Disruptive public upheaval · dominant

   The singular noun occurs in scenes of severe disorder: in Deuteronomy 7:23 the APB renders God throwing opponents into “great tumult” until they are destroyed, while in 1 Samuel 14:20 each man's sword is against his neighbor amid a very great disturbance. In 1 Samuel 5:9 the city is struck during a great disturbance, and Zechariah 14:13 describes people seizing and raising their hands against neighbors. Plural forms in 2 Chronicles 15:5 and Amos 3:9 present such disturbances as affecting inhabitants of lands and as being seen within Samaria.

   Deuteronomy 7:231 Samuel 14:201 Samuel 5:9Zechariah 14:132 Chronicles 15:5Amos 3:9

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB commonly uses “tumult,” while it also uses “panic” in Zechariah 14:13, “trouble” in Proverbs 15:16, and “confusion” alongside tumult in Isaiah 22:5. These are presentations of whole clauses in a whole-verse translation rather than fixed equivalents for the noun.