why?
mad.du.a introduces questions that ask for the reason behind an action, condition, or outcome in the Bible.
As an interrogative particle, mad.du.a introduces questions seeking the reason for a stated action, condition, or result: it can challenge conduct, as in 2 Samuel 12:9, ask about an observed condition, as in Isaiah 63:2, or inquire into an outcome, as in Jeremiah 12:1.
Senses in use
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Interrogative particle asking the reason · dominant
The supplied morphology identifies the form as interrogative. In 2 Samuel 12:9 the APB renders a question confronting the despising of the LORD's word; in Isaiah 63:2 it asks about red clothing; and in Jeremiah 12:1 it asks why the wicked prosper and treacherous people thrive. Across these clauses, the particle introduces a request or challenge for the reason behind what is done, seen, or experienced.
In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB commonly presents the interrogative clauses with “Why,” including questions about conduct, circumstances, and outcomes. Its English wording only confirms the question-shaped clauses rather than fixing a separate rendering in every verse.