ka.tar describes encircling or closing in around someone or something, including hostile pressure on a person.

The attested clauses depict encircling or closing in: enemies close around a target in scenes of pressure or pursuit, while other clauses apply the verb to a person addressed directly and to knowledge.

1. Encircling or closing in around · dominant

   In Habakkuk 1:4, the Hiphil active participle occurs in the clause that the APB renders "the wicked surrounds the righteous." In Judges 20:43, the Piel perfect plural stands with pursuit and trampling of Benjamin; Psalm 22:13 has the same Piel perfect plural form in a hostile address, while Job 36:2 and Proverbs 14:18 place the verb respectively in an imperative addressed to a person and an imperfect plural clause concerning knowledge.

   Habakkuk 1:4Judges 20:43Psalm 22:13Job 36:2Proverbs 14:18

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB explicitly uses "surrounds" in Habakkuk 1:4 and Judges 20:43, while it renders the other clauses as "Bear with me," "surround knowledge," and hostile imagery of opened mouths. Its differing English does not isolate the term's contribution in every verse.