to deceive
ka.chash denotes deceiving or denying, and can describe feigned submission or an expected yield that fails.
The verb most often concerns deceptive speech or denial: people deny an act, deny God, or act falsely toward another. In several clauses it describes enemies’ feigned submission, and in agricultural imagery it marks an expected product or yield that disappoints.
Senses in use
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Deceiving, acting falsely, or denying · dominant
The Piel forms occur where Sarah denies that she laughed in Genesis 18:15, where an alleged prophet deceives another man in 1 Kings 13:18, and where Israel’s wrongdoing includes stealing and deceiving in Joshua 7:11. The same use includes denying God or the LORD in Job 31:28, Jeremiah 5:12, and Proverbs 30:9; in Isaiah 59:13 the APB renders the clause "Transgressing and deceiving against the LORD."
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Feigning submission before an adversary · common
Imperfect forms describe foreigners or enemies responding under overwhelming strength: in Deuteronomy 33:29 the APB renders them as coming "fawning," while in Psalm 66:3 it renders God’s enemies as submitting. The parallel setting in 2 Samuel 22:45 has foreigners cringing and obeying as soon as they hear.
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Failing to deliver what is expected · occasional
In Habakkuk 3:17, the Piel perfect occurs in the clause the APB renders "the work of the olive deceives," alongside fields that do not produce food. Hosea 9:2 similarly places the imperfect form in the statement that new wine will "deceive," while Psalm 109:24 uses a Qal perfect in a bodily-wasting context whose precise contribution is less explicit in the translation.
In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB variously presents the verb’s clauses with "deceived," "denied," "deal falsely," "fawning," "submit," and agricultural disappointment. These are verse-level renderings rather than fixed word-for-word equivalents.