za.am denotes indignation, especially an anger that is poured out, endured, or allowed to pass.

The attested use centers on indignation in contexts of anger and judgment: it is poured out on people, accompanies destructive action, or is described as reaching an end or passing. The same noun also occurs where an individual is filled with indignation, without requiring a separate lexical sense.

1. Indignation amid anger and judgment · dominant

   The noun appears in clauses concerning indignation's course and effects: in Ezekiel 22:31 the construct form occurs as indignation is poured out and people are consumed, while Isaiah 26:20 speaks of waiting until it passes. In Daniel 11:36 and Daniel 8:19, the absolute form marks an indignation that is finished or has an appointed end; Jeremiah 15:17 places it in the speaker's statement that he had been filled with it.

   Ezekiel 22:31Isaiah 26:20Daniel 11:36Daniel 8:19Habakkuk 3:12Jeremiah 15:17

In the Anselm Project Bible: Across many occurrences the APB uses “indignation,” including descriptions of its end, passing, outpouring, and association with anger. In some supplied Psalm verses, the translation does not visibly represent the noun's contribution, so its English wording cannot be read as a gloss of the term.