Hum denotes making or becoming audibly stirred, from a city’s uproar to a distressed speaker’s response.

The attested use most often concerns a public or collective audible disturbance: a city is stirred, a land resounds, or a gathered flock makes noise. One Hiphil cohortative occurrence occurs amid the speaker’s distress from an enemy, but the translation does not isolate its contribution clearly.

1. Public or collective audible commotion · dominant

   The Niphal sequential imperfect appears where the land responds to Israel’s great shout in 1 Samuel 4:5 and where a city responds to events in 1 Kings 1:45 and Ruth 1:19. In 1 Samuel 4:5 the APB renders that the land “resounded”; in 1 Kings 1:45 it presents the city as “in an uproar,” and in Ruth 1:19 as “stirred.” Micah 2:12 uses a Hiphil imperfect for the assembled flock, which the APB says “will make noise from man.”

   1 Kings 1:451 Samuel 4:5Micah 2:12Ruth 1:19
2. A speaker’s response under pressure · rare

   Psalm 55:3 has a Hiphil cohortative in a first-person complaint framed by the enemy’s voice, pressure from the wicked, and anger. The APB renders the surrounding distress but does not clearly identify a separate English expression for this form.

   Psalm 55:3

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB varies its presentation among “resounded,” “in an uproar,” “stirred,” and “make noise.” In Psalm 55:3 it renders the surrounding complaint without clearly isolating the term.