ay is an interrogative particle used to ask about a person's, object's, place's, route's, or source's location.

Across the supplied verses, ay functions as an interrogative particle that frames questions seeking a location, route, origin, presence, or identifiable place; the surrounding clause supplies the particular relation being asked.

1. Interrogative for location, direction, or source · dominant

   The supplied forms are consistently tagged Particle · Interrogative. In Genesis 3:9 the APB renders the question addressed to the man, "Where are you?"; in 1 Kings 13:12 it renders a question about the route, "Which way did he go?"; and in Job 2:2 it renders a question about origin, "From where have you come?" The same interrogative framing also occurs where a person or thing is sought, as in Genesis 4:9 and Job 28:12.

   Genesis 3:91 Kings 13:12Job 2:2Genesis 4:9Job 28:122 Kings 19:13

In the Anselm Paraphrase: The APB commonly presents the interrogative with "where," while the wider clause can express route or origin as "Which way" and "From where." Because the paraphrase is not word-aligned, these English forms reflect the questions as rendered in context rather than separate lexical senses.