phthonos names a disposition listed among wrongful behaviors and shown as a motive for rivalry and hostile action.

The attested use presents a single disposition: it is listed among wrongful practices and destructive patterns, and it can explain rivalry or the handing over of another person. The same use appears in vice lists, in an account of hostile delivery, and in contrasting motives for preaching.

1. A wrongful motive or disposition · dominant

   The noun occurs within lists of practices or conditions to be put aside or rejected: in 1 Peter 2:1 the APB renders a plural item among malice, deceit, hypocrisies, and slanders, while Romans 1:29 and Galatians 5:21 place it among further harmful behaviors. In Mark 15:10 and Matthew 27:18, the accusative singular occurs in the clause explaining why the high priests delivered him; in Philippians 1:15, it stands alongside rivalry as a motive for some who preach Christ.

   1 Peter 2:1Romans 1:29Galatians 5:21Mark 15:10Matthew 27:18Philippians 1:15

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB uses “envy” in the singular occurrences and “envies” or “Envyings” where the supplied forms are plural. These renderings confirm the clauses' overall presentation rather than establish separate meanings.