Tupto describes striking people, beating the breast in grief, and wounding a weak conscience.

The dominant use depicts one person physically striking another, including blows to the cheek, mouth, head, or fellow slaves. Two verses show beating the breast or chest in response to what is seen or in a plea for mercy, while 1 Corinthians 8:12 places the participle with the wounding of a weak conscience.

1. Physical blows against a person · dominant

   The term occurs where people beat Sosthenes in Acts 18:17, stop beating Paul in Acts 21:32, and are commanded to strike someone on the mouth in Acts 23:2. In Luke 6:29 the present participle identifies the person striking another on the cheek, while Mark 15:19 and Matthew 27:30 describe blows to the head.

   Acts 18:17Acts 21:32Acts 23:2Luke 6:29Mark 15:19Matthew 27:30
2. Beating one's breast or chest · occasional

   In Luke 18:13, the imperfect form accompanies the tax collector's plea for mercy as he beats his breast. In Luke 23:48, the present participle describes crowds returning while beating their chests after seeing what happened.

   Luke 18:13Luke 23:48
3. Wounding a weak conscience · rare

   In 1 Corinthians 8:12, the present active participle occurs in the clause about sinning against brothers and wounding their weak conscience; the APB renders the surrounding clause "wounding their weak conscience."

   1 Corinthians 8:12

In the Anselm Project Bible: Across these verses, the APB uses "beat," "beating," "strike," and "struck" for clauses involving bodily blows, and "wounding" for the weak conscience in 1 Corinthians 8:12. It also describes people "beat[ing]" their breast or chests; these are verse-level renderings rather than definitions.