Ioudaios identifies a Jewish person or people, often in contrast with Greeks or Gentiles and sometimes as an individual descriptor.

The term identifies Jewish people as a group or a person as Jewish, frequently where they are contrasted with Greeks or Gentiles, addressed collectively, or described in relation to synagogues, public actions, and individual identity.

1. Identification of Jewish people or an individual · dominant

   Plural forms identify a group in contrasts with Greeks or Gentiles: in 1 Corinthians 1:22 the APB renders a contrast between those who ask for signs and those who seek wisdom, and in Acts 14:1 it renders both groups coming to believe. The same identification can describe an individual, as the nominative singular form does of Apollos in Acts 18:24 and Paul in Acts 21:39; genitive forms also mark associations such as the synagogues in Acts 13:5.

   1 Corinthians 1:221 Corinthians 9:20Acts 13:5Acts 14:1Acts 18:24Acts 21:39

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB commonly presents the term as “Jews” for groups and “Jew” or “Jewish” for an individual or an attributive description, as in Acts 18:24 and Acts 16:1. These renderings confirm the verse-level identification rather than establish a separate lexical nuance.