Thumos denotes intense anger, whether erupting in people or presented in scenes of divine judgment.

The attested use most often presents intense anger within divine judgment imagery, where it is associated with God, plagues, bowls, a cup, and a winepress. Elsewhere it names anger that fills a crowd, is feared in a king, or appears among destructive interpersonal behaviors and the devil's great hostility.

1. Anger in divine judgment imagery · dominant

   The genitive singular form occurs in clauses that associate the anger with God: in Revelation 14:10 the APB renders a cup and wine of God's anger, while Revelation 15:7 describes bowls full of it. Revelation 16:1 and Revelation 19:15 continue the imagery with bowls poured toward the earth and a winepress, and Romans 2:8 announces anger and anger as the outcome for those who disobey the truth.

   Revelation 14:10Revelation 15:7Revelation 16:1Revelation 16:19Revelation 19:15Romans 2:8
2. Intense anger expressed by persons or groups · common

   Plural and singular forms occur where anger is an immediate hostile response or a behavior to reject. In Acts 19:28 and Luke 4:28 the APB renders people as being filled with it after hearing something; 2 Corinthians 12:20 and Galatians 5:20 place plural forms among community-disrupting behaviors. Hebrews 11:27 identifies the king's anger as what was not feared.

   Acts 19:28Luke 4:282 Corinthians 12:20Galatians 5:20Ephesians 4:31Hebrews 11:27

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB commonly uses “wrath,” while it also renders the term's setting through phrases such as “outbursts of anger,” “fits of anger,” and a king's “anger.” These renderings confirm the verses' anger contexts rather than defining each occurrence separately.