epikeimai describes something lying on something else or pressing upon a person, group, or circumstance.

The verb most often marks a burden, demand, crowd, storm, or regulation pressing upon someone or applying to them; it also describes physical items lying on another object.

1. Pressing upon or imposed · dominant

   In 1 Corinthians 9:16, the present middle indicative occurs where the APB renders necessity as “laid upon me.” In Acts 27:20 the present middle participle describes a severe storm that the APB renders as “lay upon,” while Luke 5:1 depicts a crowd “pressing upon him” and Luke 23:23 depicts persistent demands with loud cries. Hebrews 9:10 places the present middle participle with external regulations that the APB says are “applying until the time of the new order.”

   1 Corinthians 9:16Acts 27:20Hebrews 9:10Luke 23:23Luke 5:1
2. Lying on an object · common

   In John 11:38, the imperfect middle indicative describes a stone in relation to the cave, and the APB renders that relation “a stone lay upon it.” In John 21:9, the present middle participle occurs with fish on a charcoal fire; the APB renders them as “fish lying on it.”

   John 11:38John 21:9

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB varies its presentation between “laid upon me,” “lay upon,” “pressing upon him,” “applying,” and physical “lying on it.” These render the surrounding clauses rather than supplying a separate definition in every verse.