baptism
baptisma is a baptism, most often John’s proclaimed rite of repentance, and also a rite linked with death, new life, or an ordeal.
The dominant usage names the baptism proclaimed and administered by John, connected in the cited clauses with repentance, forgiveness, and the public response to his ministry. Other passages use the noun for baptism in statements about death and newness of life, and for the baptism Jesus and his followers are to undergo alongside the image of drinking a cup.
Senses in use
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John’s proclaimed baptism · dominant
In Mark 1:4 and Luke 3:3, the accusative noun occurs in the proclamation of a baptism of repentance for forgiveness of sins. Acts 13:24 similarly places it in John’s proclamation to Israel, while Acts 19:3 and Acts 19:4 identify the baptism known by certain disciples and describe John as baptizing with a baptism of repentance.
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Baptism in death and new life · occasional
In Romans 6:4, the genitive singular noun occurs in the clause about being buried with Christ through baptism into death and walking in newness of life. In 1 Peter 3:21, the nominative noun is contrasted with removal of bodily filth and is placed in relation to a good conscience toward God through Jesus Christ’s resurrection; Ephesians 4:5 lists one baptism with one Lord and one faith.
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Baptism to be undergone · occasional
In Mark 10:38 and Mark 10:39, the accusative noun is paired with the cup Jesus drinks and with the baptism he undergoes, then extended to those addressed. Luke 12:50 likewise presents a baptism still to be completed, with the speaker expressing distress until it is finished.
In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB regularly presents the noun with “baptism,” including “a baptism of repentance” in Mark 1:4 and “through baptism into death” in Romans 6:4. In Mark 10:38 and Luke 12:50, its surrounding clauses portray a baptism to be undergone; Its wording should not be treated as a separate definition.