tokh denotes oppressive harm or pressure, named among deceit and violence and from which people are redeemed.

The occurrences present tokh as oppressive harm: it is named in a wicked person’s mouth in Psalm 10:7 and alongside violence in Psalm 72:14, while Psalm 55:12 places the form in a complaint about taunting and hostile self-exaltation.

1. Oppressive harm in hostile conduct · dominant

   All three occurrences use a common masculine singular absolute noun in settings of injury or hostility. In Psalm 10:7 the APB renders the mouth as filled with “cursing and deceit and oppression”; in Psalm 72:14 it renders deliverance as “From oppression and violence he will redeem their soul”; and Psalm 55:12 frames the complaint around taunting and a hater who has magnified himself.

   Psalm 10:7Psalm 55:12Psalm 72:14

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB explicitly includes “oppression” in Psalm 10:7 and Psalm 72:14. In Psalm 55:12 it presents the surrounding complaint of taunting and hostile self-exaltation, so the term’s specific English contribution cannot be isolated there.