tu.gah denotes grief or sorrow, whether caused by folly, following joy, or weighing down the soul.

The term denotes grief or sorrow in settings of personal pain: a foolish son brings it to his mother, joy can end in it, and it weighs upon the psalmist's soul.

1. Personal sorrow and distress · dominant

   In Proverbs 10:1, the construct form occurs in the clause contrasting a wise son's effect on his father with a foolish son's effect on his mother; the APB renders the latter as bringing "grief." In Proverbs 14:13, Proverbs 17:21, and Psalm 119:28, the absolute form occurs where joy ends, a father experiences sorrow through a fool, and a soul is weighed down; the APB renders these contexts with "grief" or "sorrow."

   Proverbs 10:1Proverbs 14:13Proverbs 17:21Psalm 119:28

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB presents the term's contexts with "grief" in Proverbs 10:1, Proverbs 14:13, and Psalm 119:28, and with "sorrow" in Proverbs 17:21. These English terms confirm the verses' overall presentation rather than isolate a precise rendering in every clause.