sha.nan describes making weapons keen, and in one instruction context making words diligently taught.

The attested uses chiefly concern weapons made keen, especially a sword or arrows. A separate instructional use concerns diligent teaching, while active and reflexive forms also occur in hostile and inwardly distressed settings where the translation does not clearly isolate the term's contribution.

1. Making weapons keen · dominant

   Passive participle forms describe arrows in Isaiah 5:28, Proverbs 25:18, and Psalm 120:4; in Isaiah 5:28 the APB renders the clause “Their arrows are sharpened.” Deuteronomy 32:41 uses a Qal perfect in the statement about a “lightning sword,” while Psalm 45:6 has a masculine plural passive participle although the supplied APB verse does not make its contribution explicit.

   Deuteronomy 32:41Isaiah 5:28Proverbs 25:18Psalm 120:4Psalm 45:6
2. Diligent instruction · rare

   In Deuteronomy 6:7, the Piel sequential perfect is followed by instruction to speak of “them” in the house, on the way, when lying down, and when rising; the APB renders the clause “you shall teach them diligently to your sons.”

   Deuteronomy 6:7
3. Sharpening in hostile or inward settings · common

   Qal perfect plural forms occur in Psalm 140:4 and Psalm 64:4 within descriptions of violent people who devise harm and shoot from hiding, but the supplied APB wording does not identify the term's specific English counterpart. In Psalm 73:21, a Hithpolel imperfect occurs in a statement about an embittered heart and being “pierced in my kidneys”; the translation again leaves the term's precise contribution unclear.

   Psalm 140:4Psalm 64:4Psalm 73:21

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB explicitly uses “sharpen” or “sharpened” for the sword and arrow contexts in Deuteronomy 32:41, Isaiah 5:28, Proverbs 25:18, and Psalm 120:4, and “teach them diligently” in Deuteronomy 6:7. Its wording in Psalm 45:6, Psalm 140:4, Psalm 64:4, and Psalm 73:21 does not clearly isolate this term.