Satan
sa.tan denotes an opposing figure, whether one who resists people or the figure confronting Job and Joshua.
The dominant attested use identifies a particular opposing figure who appears before the LORD, challenges Job, acts against him within stated limits, and stands to oppose Joshua. Elsewhere the noun describes an adversary or opponent: individuals raised against Solomon and Israel, a potential enemy in battle, the angel of the LORD opposing a traveler, and an opponent positioned beside another person.
Senses in use
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The opposing figure in divine scenes · dominant
In Job 1:6 the singular absolute noun occurs when the figure comes among those presenting themselves before the LORD; in Job 1:9 the APB renders his challenge concerning Job's fear of God. In Job 2:3 the LORD says that this figure incited action against Job, and in Zechariah 3:1 the APB renders him standing at Joshua's right hand "to oppose him."
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An adversary or resisting opponent · common
In 1 Kings 11:14 and 1 Kings 11:23, the clause identifies Hadad and Rezon as persons raised up against Solomon; 1 Kings 11:25 continues with opposition to Israel. In Numbers 22:22 and Numbers 22:32, the angel of the LORD stands or comes out against a traveler, while 1 Samuel 29:4 concerns the feared prospect of a man becoming an opponent in battle.
In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB presents the noun as "the Satan" or "Satan" in the Job, Zechariah, and 1 Chronicles scenes, and as "an adversary" in several opposition contexts. Because the APB is a whole-verse translation, these renderings confirm the clauses' presentation without fixing every English occurrence to the noun.