sha.chaq describes forcefully reducing something to a fine or crushed state, whether incense, foes, or stones.

The attested use describes reduction through beating, crushing, or wearing down: incense is to be made fine in Exodus 30:36, enemies are treated as dust in 2 Samuel 22:43, and stones are worn away in Job 14:19. Psalm 18:43 has the same first-person imperfect form as 2 Samuel 22:43, though the APB does not isolate its contribution there.

1. Reduce by crushing or wearing down · dominant

   In Exodus 30:36, the second-person sequential perfect occurs in the command to make some of the material fine; the APB renders the clause, "You shall beat some of it fine." In 2 Samuel 22:43, the first-person imperfect stands in a comparison with dust, and the APB renders, "I beat them fine as the dust of the earth"; Job 14:19 presents the same kind of reduction in its statement that stones wear away. Psalm 18:43 has the same first-person imperfect form as 2 Samuel 22:43, but its APB rendering gives the surrounding deliverance statement without an identifiable English equivalent for this form.

   Exodus 30:362 Samuel 22:43Job 14:19Psalm 18:43

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB presents the action as "beat... fine" in Exodus 30:36 and 2 Samuel 22:43, while Job 14:19 uses "wear away" for the erosive setting. In Psalm 18:43, the translation does not visibly reflect the form.