rish.ah denotes wrongdoing as culpable conduct, a corrupt condition, and the cause of harmful outcomes.

The noun consistently names culpable wrongdoing: conduct attributed to people or nations, conduct from which a person turns, and a corrupt condition associated with a ruined path or condemned border. In Ezekiel 18:27 and Ezekiel 33:19 it is what a wicked man turns from in order to do what is just and right; in Proverbs 11:5 and Proverbs 13:6 it is associated with falling and with the perversion of a way.

1. Culpable wrongdoing and its effects · dominant

   The noun names wrongdoing attributed to nations in Deuteronomy 9:4 and Deuteronomy 9:5, where the APB renders their removal as occurring because of their “wickedness.” In Ezekiel 18:27 and Ezekiel 33:19, the construct form occurs in the clause about a wicked man turning from it and doing what is just and right; Proverbs 11:5 and Proverbs 13:6 associate it with a person's fall and the perversion of a way. Zechariah 5:8 also identifies the depicted object as “the wickedness” in the APB.

   Deuteronomy 9:4Deuteronomy 9:5Ezekiel 18:27Ezekiel 33:19Proverbs 11:5Proverbs 13:6

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB commonly presents the noun with “wickedness,” including wrongdoing attributed to nations, a wicked man, and a border. In Deuteronomy 25:2, the surrounding clause is rendered with “guilt”; That wording should not be treated as a separate lexical sense.