ra.mah denotes shooting or launching, including the horse and rider being sent into the sea.

The attested usage depicts an act of shooting or launching: the perfect forms in Exodus describe the horse and rider being sent into the sea, while active participles occur in verses whose wider scenes concern alarm and battle.

1. Shooting or launching in conflict scenes · dominant

   In Exodus 15:1 and Exodus 15:21, the Qal perfect form occurs in the song’s statement about the horse and rider; the APB renders the clause “the horse and its rider he has shot into the sea.” In Jeremiah 4:29 and Psalm 78:9, Qal active participle forms occur in verses whose APB wording describes a city fleeing at a threatening sound and Ephraim turning back in battle, though the translation does not isolate the participles’ specific contribution.

   Exodus 15:1Exodus 15:21Jeremiah 4:29Psalm 78:9

In the Anselm Project Bible: In Exodus 15:1 and Exodus 15:21, the APB presents the action as “has shot into the sea.” In Jeremiah 4:29 and Psalm 78:9, its whole-verse translation describes alarm and battle without marking a separate English equivalent for the participles.