tsar denotes a hostile person or group, and in a few verbal or adjectival forms describes being in distress or constraint.

The noun most often identifies hostile individuals or groups, whether they pursue, oppress, plunder, or stand opposed to a people. A small set of forms tagged as verbs describes being in distress or hard pressed, while one adjectival occurrence describes constraint.

1. Hostile opponent or opposing group · dominant

   Construct plural and absolute singular noun forms occur in scenes of conflict and opposition. In 2 Samuel 24:13 the APB renders a flight before pursuing foes; in Ezra 4:1 it describes opponents of Judah and Benjamin hearing about temple building; and in Lamentations 1:5 it renders the clause about enemies becoming chief and a hostile party before whom children go into captivity.

   2 Samuel 24:13Ezra 4:1Lamentations 1:5Nehemiah 9:27Genesis 14:20Esther 7:6
2. Being in distress or hard pressed · rare

   Forms tagged Qal perfect masculine singular occur where pressure or distress is the stated situation. In 1 Samuel 13:6 the APB renders Israel as being in trouble and hard pressed, while in 1 Chronicles 21:13 David says that great distress is upon him.

   1 Samuel 13:61 Chronicles 21:132 Samuel 24:14
3. Constrained condition · rare

   In Job 36:16, the form is tagged as a masculine singular absolute adjective in a clause contrasting distress with breadth and stating that there is no constraint beneath it. The APB's wording confirms a condition of restriction rather than an opposing person.

   Job 36:16

In the Anselm Project Bible: Across the noun contexts, the APB variously presents the surrounding clauses with “enemies,” “foes,” “adversary,” and opponents who pursue or afflict. In the verb and adjective contexts it uses “distress,” “hard pressed,” and “constraint”; these are verse-level renderings rather than definitions.