a.rov denotes a collective swarm appearing in accounts of creatures sent among people and through a land.

The attested use presents a collective swarm in plague-like accounts: Psalm 105:31 places it alongside gnats throughout the borders, and Psalm 78:45 describes swarms sent among people. Its Exodus appearances occur within the same sequence of events involving gnats on people and animals.

1. A collective swarm sent among people · dominant

   In Psalm 105:31, the singular absolute noun occurs in the statement that God spoke and the swarm came, followed by gnats throughout the borders; the APB renders the clause "the swarm came." In Psalm 78:45, it is in the report that God sent swarms among them, while Exodus 8:17 and Exodus 8:18 place the form in the surrounding plague narrative where the APB describes gnats on people and animals.

   Psalm 105:31Psalm 78:45Exodus 8:17Exodus 8:18Exodus 8:20Exodus 8:25

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB renders the relevant clause in Psalm 105:31 as "the swarm came" and Psalm 78:45 as "swarms of flies among them." In Exodus 8:17 and Exodus 8:18 it instead describes gnats, while Exodus 8:20, Exodus 8:25, and Exodus 8:27 do not visibly reflect the term in the supplied translation.