e.dah denotes an object or gift set forward as evidence for a claim, boundary, or covenant warning.

The attested use presents tangible items as evidence: ewe lambs attest the digging of a well, a heap and pillar mark a nonaggression boundary, and a stone stands against the people should they deny God.

1. Tangible evidence for an assertion or commitment · dominant

   All three occurrences are feminine singular absolute nouns used of concrete things set as evidence. In Genesis 21:30 the APB renders the seven ewe lambs as proof that the speaker dug the well; in Genesis 31:52 it renders a heap and pillar as marking a boundary against harmful crossing; in Joshua 24:27 it renders a stone as standing against the people if they deny God.

   Genesis 21:30Genesis 31:52Joshua 24:27

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB uses “witness” in each cited verse, applying it to ewe lambs, a heap and pillar, and a stone. This repeated English rendering is read alongside the clauses describing the objects' evidentiary role.