sa.rar describes people marked by defiant refusal to listen, follow instruction, or remain in the expected way.

The attested participial forms characterize persons or groups as persistently resistant: they refuse to listen, reject commandments or instruction, follow their own plans, or turn away. The same characterization is applied to an individual son, rulers, a people, a generation, and a woman whose conduct does not remain at home.

1. Defiant resistance shown in conduct · dominant

   The Qal active participle characterizes people by ongoing opposition rather than naming a single isolated act. In Deuteronomy 21:18 the APB renders a son who does not listen to either parent as “rebellious and defiant”; in Nehemiah 9:29 it occurs where people do not listen to commandments and give “a rebellious shoulder”; and in Isaiah 30:1 it describes sons who carry out counsel not from the LORD. The same pattern appears in Jeremiah 5:23, where the people have turned aside and gone away, and in Psalm 78:8, where a generation's heart is unprepared and its spirit unfaithful with God.

   Deuteronomy 21:18Nehemiah 9:29Isaiah 30:1Jeremiah 5:23Psalm 78:8Isaiah 1:23

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB commonly presents the term with “rebellious” or “rebels,” as in Deuteronomy 21:18, Isaiah 1:23, and Psalm 78:8. It also expresses the surrounding conduct through refusal to listen, turning aside, or acting against instruction; Those phrases should not all be treated as separate renderings of the term.