na.sah describes causing someone to be misled, including being deceived by another or by one’s own false expectation.

The attested passages show a single broad use: causing persons to be misled or describing persons who have been misled. It appears in warnings not to accept misleading assurances, in accounts of deception by a serpent or by people, and where arrogance or terror is said to mislead its possessor.

1. Misleading or being misled · dominant

   Active Hiphil forms occur in warnings against accepting a misleading claim: in 2 Kings 18:29 the APB renders the king’s warning, “Do not let Hezekiah deceive you,” and in Jeremiah 29:8 it warns against prophets and diviners. In Genesis 3:13, the woman identifies the serpent as the one who misled her; in Isaiah 19:13, the Niphal perfect describes the rulers of Memphis as having been deceived. The same use extends to inward sources of false confidence: Jeremiah 49:16 and Obadiah 1:3 say that terror or arrogance of heart has deceived its possessor.

   2 Kings 18:29Jeremiah 29:8Genesis 3:13Isaiah 19:13Jeremiah 49:16Obadiah 1:3

In the Anselm Project Bible: Across the clearer clauses, the APB commonly uses “deceive” or “deceived,” including “Do not deceive yourselves” in Jeremiah 37:9. Its wording in verses such as Jeremiah 23:39 and Psalm 55:16 does not isolate this term’s contribution.