mis.ped denotes grief expressed in communal lament, bereavement, and acts such as weeping or wearing sackcloth.

The noun denotes expressed grief, whether it fills streets and public places, accompanies bereavement, or is called for alongside weeping, fasting, and sackcloth. Its occurrences show both collective public lament and grief enacted by individuals or groups in response to loss, disaster, or an announced crisis.

1. Expressed grief in lament and bereavement · dominant

   The singular noun names grief manifested publicly or ceremonially: in Amos 5:16 the APB renders streets and public places filled with mourning, wailing, and cries of "Alas! Alas!"; in Genesis 50:10 it renders a very great and heavy observance for Joseph's father. In Esther 4:3 and Ezekiel 27:31, the surrounding clauses pair this grief with fasting, weeping, sackcloth, baldness, and bitter sorrow; in Joel 2:12 it stands with fasting and weeping in a summons to return.

   Amos 5:16Genesis 50:10Esther 4:3Ezekiel 27:31Joel 2:12Zechariah 12:11

In the Anselm Project Bible: Across the occurrences, the APB commonly presents the clause with "mourning," while also using "lamentation," "wailing," and "a most bitter lament" in surrounding descriptions of grief. These English expressions describe the verse-level scene rather than establish separate meanings for the noun; Psalm 30:12 does not visibly preserve its contribution in the supplied rendering.