trembling
cha.ra.dah denotes trembling or alarm, whether it seizes people, marks distress, or expresses anxious concern.
The attested use most often describes trembling that comes upon individuals or groups amid fear, shock, or distress; it can also describe anxious concern shown toward other people.
Senses in use
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Trembling in fear, shock, or distress · dominant
The singular form occurs where trembling falls on a camp and its people in 1 Samuel 14:15, and where great trembling falls on those who flee to hide in Daniel 10:7. In Genesis 27:33 the APB renders Isaac as trembling violently after learning who received the blessing; Jeremiah 30:5 places a voice of trembling beside dread and the absence of peace. The plural form in Ezekiel 26:16 accompanies princes who remove their garments, clothe themselves with trembling, and continue to tremble.
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Anxious concern toward others · rare
In 2 Kings 4:13, the singular absolute form appears in an address to a woman: the APB renders the clause, "you trembled toward us all this trembling," before asking what might be done for her. The verse presents the trembling in a relationship of concern and offered assistance rather than in a scene of flight or public alarm.
In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB commonly presents the term with "trembling," including trembling that comes upon a group or is associated with dread. It also uses "shuddering" in Isaiah 21:4 and describes Isaac as having trembled violently in Genesis 27:33; these are renderings of whole translated clauses rather than definitions.