za.lal describes persons marked as vile or worthless, including those associated with drinking and flesh.

The participial forms most often characterize a person as vile in conduct or company, especially in contexts involving liquor, flesh, and disgrace. In two other clauses, the term stands in contrast to what is precious or describes a condition of having become vile.

1. Vile person marked by conduct or associations · dominant

   The masculine participles describe people in condemnatory settings: in Deuteronomy 21:20 the son neither listens nor obeys, and the APB renders the clause "he is vile and given to liquor." In Proverbs 23:20 the plural construct form occurs among warnings about wine and flesh, while Proverbs 23:21 and Proverbs 28:7 connect the vile person or persons with dispossession, rags, and humiliation of a father.

   Deuteronomy 21:20Proverbs 23:20Proverbs 23:21Proverbs 28:7
2. Worthless or abased in contrast or condition · common

   In Jeremiah 15:19 the masculine singular participle is set against "what is precious," and the APB renders the contrasting item "what is worthless." In Lamentations 1:11 the feminine singular participle follows the city's loss of desirable things for food and the plea to look upon her condition; the APB renders, "I have become vile."

   Jeremiah 15:19Lamentations 1:11

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB commonly presents the term with "vile," but in Jeremiah 15:19 it renders the contrasting expression "what is worthless." Because the APB is a whole-verse translation, these renderings indicate the clauses' presentation rather than fixed English equivalents.