Chous denotes dust as material deliberately shaken off or thrown in acts of testimony and mourning.

The attested use denotes dust as material handled in a public gesture: shaken from beneath the feet in Mark 6:11 and thrown upon heads amid weeping and mourning in Revelation 18:19.

1. Dust used in public gestures · dominant

   Both occurrences use the accusative singular form χοῦν for material acted upon. In Mark 6:11 the APB renders dust being shaken off from under the feet as a testimony; in Revelation 18:19 it renders dust thrown upon heads while people cry, weep, and mourn.

   Mark 6:11Revelation 18:19

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB presents the material as “dust” in both verses, once as something shaken off and once as something thrown upon heads. The verse is read as a whole, but both clauses visibly place the term in these actions.