Tuphloo describes causing sight or understanding to be blocked, so that people do not see or know their way.

The attested verses show a single use: causing eyes or minds to be unable to see, with the stated result that people fail to know their way, see light, or understand and turn.

1. Preventing sight or understanding · dominant

   In 1 John 2:11, the aorist active form occurs in the clause where darkness leaves the person not knowing where he is going; the APB renders that clause, "because the darkness has blinded his eyes." In 2 Corinthians 4:4 and John 12:40, the verb is connected with minds or eyes being unable to see, and the APB respectively renders "has blinded the minds of the unbelieving" and "He has blinded their eyes."

   1 John 2:112 Corinthians 4:4John 12:40

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB uses "blinded" in all three verses, applying it to eyes in 1 John 2:11 and John 12:40 and to minds in 2 Corinthians 4:4. These renderings confirm the clauses' overall presentation rather than isolate every feature of the Greek verb.