Sabbaton denotes the Sabbath day and, in some time expressions, the recurring week marked by it.

The term most often identifies the Sabbath as a particular day, whether for synagogue gathering, teaching, disputed actions, healing, or its beginning and passing. In several genitive plural expressions it marks the weekly cycle in “first day” language, and one verse uses it in the fixed expression for a Sabbath day’s journey.

1. The Sabbath as a designated day · dominant

   The forms identify the day on which people gather, teach, read, or act: in Acts 13:14 the APB renders their entry into the synagogue “on the Sabbath day,” and in Acts 18:4 it places synagogue speech “every Sabbath.” The same day is the setting for questions about plucking grain, healing, and what is permitted in Mark 2:24, Luke 14:3, and John 7:23; John 19:31 also calls it a day during which bodies were not to remain on the cross.

   Acts 13:14Acts 18:4Mark 2:24Luke 14:3John 7:23John 19:31
2. The weekly cycle in day-count expressions · occasional

   Genitive plural forms occur in expressions that locate events on the first day: in Acts 20:7 the APB renders “the first day of the week,” while John 20:1 and Luke 24:1 similarly place the visit to the tomb on the first day. In 1 Corinthians 16:2 and Luke 18:12, the APB uses “week” for recurring time patterns.

   Acts 20:7John 20:1Luke 24:1Mark 16:91 Corinthians 16:2Luke 18:12
3. A Sabbath-day distance · rare

   In Acts 1:12, the genitive singular form occurs in the phrase the APB renders “a Sabbath day's journey,” specifying the distance from Olivet to Jerusalem.

   Acts 1:12

In the Anselm Project Bible: The APB commonly presents the term as “Sabbath” or “Sabbaths,” including “Sabbath day” in day-setting clauses. In several genitive expressions it instead uses “week” or “Sabbath day's journey”; these renderings reflect the clauses as translated.